Synthetic and Bone tissue engineering graft substitutes: What is the future?

The management of large segmental bone defects caused by trauma or disease remains clinically challenging within orthopaedics. major impediment to healing with current treatment options is insufficient vascularization and incorporation graft material. Lack rapid adequate leads cellular necrosis the inner regions implanted material a failure regeneration. Current for critical size include continued “gold standard” autograft, allograft, synthetic substitutes, vascularized fibular graft, induced membrane technique, distraction osteogenesis. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) an exciting prospect defects; however, clinical integration engineered scaffolds low. We believe that barrier application constructs lies in lack concomitant these scaffolds. This mini-review outlines progress made significant limitations remaining successful substitutes defects.